Assessment of the Knowledge of Educational and Adjustment Problems among College students at selected Degree Colleges, Tirupathi, AP, India
J. Sai kiran1, V. Kusuma1, P. Prathima2
1Assistant Professor, Sree Vidyanikethan College of Nursing, A. Rangampet, Tirupati, AP.
2Principal, Sree Vidyanikethan College of Nursing, A. Rangampet, Tirupati, AP.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: vkusuma5@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Adjustment is an eternal process and satisfies one’s desires involving many aspects of behaviour. Education is the process of facilitating learning or acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs and habits. Adjustment is a behavioural process of balancing conflicting needs. Objectives: To assess the adjustment problem among the college students and to find an association between the adjustment score and selected background variables among college students. Methodology: In this study 100 samples were selected by non-probability convenience sampling technique. The tool used for data collection consisted of adjustment problem for college students. Validity of the tool was appraised by experts and was found to be valid for the study with required modification. Reliability was done by using Cronbach’s alpha reliability method and was found at 0.94. The tools were found reliable. The pilot study was conducted for assessing the feasibility of the study design at selected colleges of Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh. The collected data was analyzed by harnessing descriptive and inferential statistics.
KEYWORDS: Adjustment, Education, Adjustment problem, College students.
INTRODUCTION:
Adjustment is a process of living itself or dynamic equilibrium of total personality. Adjustment is a necessary characteristic for living peacefully. Adjustment is the process of arriving at a balanced state between the need of individual and satisfaction. Home and school play a pivotal role in the adjustment of an individual1. An adjustment is a soft interaction between and individual and his environment. According to psychology, an adjustment refers to the behavioral process by which an individual maintains equilibrium in society. An adjustment is the process of finding and adopting modes of behaviour suitable to the environment of the change in the environment. The shift between high school and college can be challenging and many changes occur in emotional, social and academic adjustment.
Adjustment patterns of students differ with their level of intelligence. College students have an adjustment problem even in home. They have difficulties with parents and siblings due to shyness and aggressiveness. They have academic adjustment problem due to new academic pattern, environment and faculties. Motivation to learn, taking action to meet academic demands and academic unsatisfaction are components of academic adjustment. Social adjustment is important for students. Forming supportive network, managing new social freedom, home sickness, loneliness are social adjustment problems.3 Education is the process of facilitating learning or acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs and habits. Adjustment is a behavioral process of balancing conflicting needs.4
NEED FOR THE STUDY:
Approximately 20.6 per cent of the total population of 846 million in India comprises youth between 15 and 24 years of age (WHO). These critical years of adjustment are undermined by depression, anxiety, substance abuse and eating disorders, and at times leading to suicide. The studies conducted in India highlight the level of adjustment problems in different areas which are getting tired easily (81.30%), worrying about examinations (68.9%), unable to concentrate on studies (79.3%), having no one for sharing problems (80.20%), having too many personal problems (70%), worried about finances (19.7%), being made fun of (82.17%), difficulty in communication (69.82%) and 7% difficulty in making friends.5
The studies mentioned here enabled the researcher for investigating adjustment problems among college students. There are different kinds of adjustment problems, but the researcher has mainly focused on the five factors of home adjustment, social adjustment, emotional adjustment, educational adjustment and health adjustment. The researcher has done the present study on college students. This is the study which concentrates on the educational adjustment problem.6 Several research studies have focused on critical situation of the existing problem, one of them being adjustment problems of adolescent students. The results indicated that many factors identified in the study were thought to be responsible for adjustment problems in the adolescents like over protection, lack of love at home, lack of interest in studies etc. Today, the students confront many problems in colleges. Nevertheless, they have to develop a competitive spirit for developing achievement.7
OBJECTIVES:
1. To assess the knowledge of educational and social adjustment problem among college students
2. To elicit the association between the level of knowledge of educational and social adjustment problem among college students with their selected demographic variables.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS:
Assess:
It refers to the process of identifying the adjustment problem among college students.
Adjustment problem:
An adjustment problem is a change in a person’s behaviour or thinking.
Educational Adjustment:
Education is the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values, beliefs and habits which makes a person good citizen. Educational adjustment means how an individual is performing his duties towards his education and whether he/she is able to get goal or not.
Social adjustment:
Social adjustment can be having meaningful relationship and interaction with others in order to develop sense of satisfaction.
College students:
A college student is an individual who is enrolled in a university or college for a particular course.
METHODOLOGY:
The research design used for this study is non-experimental exploratory descriptive design. The background variables include age, gender, religion, type of family, residence, family income and occupation. In the present study, A sample of 100 students studying degree in selected degree Colleges at Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh were selected by harnessing non- probability convenience sampling technique. Content validity has been obtained from nursing and medical expert, based on their valuable suggestions, recommendations and opinions regarding adequacy and appropriateness of the tool. After obtaining suggestions from the experts, necessary modifications were made in the tool and the reliability of the tool will assess the adjustment problem. It was established by Cornbach alpha method. The pilot study was carried out on 20 samples of college students at Sree Vidyanikethan Degree College, who meet eligibility criteria for assessing the reliability and feasibility of the tool.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
The analysis and interpretation were done with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics for meeting the objectives of the study.
Educational Adjustment:
The frequency and percentage distribution of educational adjustment problem among college students are presented in the Table 1
Table 1 Educational adjustment problem among college students
|
Sl. No. |
Assessment of educational adjustment problem among college students |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
1. |
Unsatisfactory |
8 |
8 |
|
2. |
Average |
65 |
65 |
|
3. |
Good |
27 |
27 |
|
Total |
100 |
100.0 |
|
Mean: 12.91, Standard deviation: 2.44
The table 1 portrays that majority of the students (65%) have an average adjustment problem with education, 27 per cent of the students have good knowledge level and 8 per cent of the students have an unsatisfactory knowledge level. The table also revealed that regarding, the mean knowledge of educational adjustment was 12.91 and the standard deviation is 2.44. It can be concluded that there is low level of educational problem among the students as majority of the students (92 %) have satisfactory on educational adjustment.
Fig.1. Assessment of Educational Adjustment Problem among the College Students
Table 2 Association between the selected demographic variables with knowledge assess the educational adjustment problem among college
|
Sl. No. |
|
Demographic variables |
Level of Assessment |
Chi-square (X2) |
|||||
|
Good |
Average |
Unsatisfactory |
|||||||
|
F |
% |
F |
% |
F |
% |
||||
|
1 |
Age |
18 Years |
5 |
18.5 |
23 |
35.4 |
4 |
50.0 |
12.621* df = 6 p=0.049
|
|
19 Years |
18 |
66.7 |
30 |
46.2 |
1 |
12.5 |
|||
|
20 Years |
2 |
7.4 |
11 |
16.9 |
3 |
37.5 |
|||
|
21 Years |
2 |
7.4 |
1 |
1.5 |
0 |
0.0 |
|||
|
Total |
27 |
100.0 |
65 |
100.0 |
8 |
100.0 |
|||
|
2 |
Gender |
Male |
7 |
25.9 |
31 |
47.7 |
7 |
87.5 |
9.998* df = 2 p=0.007 |
|
Female |
20 |
74.1 |
34 |
52.3 |
1 |
12.5 |
|||
|
Total |
27 |
100.0 |
65 |
100.0 |
8 |
100.0 |
|||
|
3 |
Type of Family |
Nuclear Family |
21 |
77.8 |
15 |
23.1 |
4 |
50.0 |
14.132* df = 4 p=0.007 |
|
Joint Family |
5 |
18.5 |
25 |
38.5 |
4 |
50.0 |
|||
|
Extended Family |
1 |
3.7 |
5 |
7.7 |
0 |
0.0 |
|||
|
Total |
27 |
100.0 |
65 |
100.0 |
8 |
100.0 |
|||
|
4 |
Domicile |
Urban |
20 |
74.1 |
28 |
43.1 |
2 |
25.0 |
12.064* df = 4 p=0.017 |
|
Rural |
5 |
18.5 |
34 |
52.3 |
6 |
75.0 |
|||
|
Semi Urban |
2 |
7.4 |
3 |
4.6 |
0 |
0.0 |
|||
|
Total |
27 |
100.0 |
65 |
100.0 |
8 |
100.0 |
|||
|
5 |
Residence |
Hosteller |
22 |
81.5 |
32 |
49.2 |
5 |
62.5 |
8.246* df = 2 p=0.016 |
|
Day Scholar |
5 |
18.5 |
33 |
50.8 |
3 |
37.5 |
|||
|
Total |
27 |
100.0 |
65 |
100.0 |
8 |
100.0 |
|||
|
6 |
Religion |
Hindu |
23 |
85.2 |
58 |
89.2 |
6 |
75.0 |
2.096 df = 4 p=0.718 |
|
Muslim |
2 |
7.4 |
5 |
7.7 |
1 |
12.5 |
|||
|
Christian |
2 |
7.4 |
2 |
3.1 |
1 |
12.5 |
|||
|
Total |
27 |
100.0 |
65 |
100.0 |
8 |
100.0 |
|||
|
7 |
Monthly Income |
Below Rs.10000 |
2 |
7.4 |
12 |
18.5 |
2 |
25.0 |
13.193* df = 6 p=0.041 |
|
Rs. 10001 – 15000 |
4 |
14.8 |
9 |
13.8 |
2 |
25.0 |
|||
|
Rs.15001 – 20000 |
2 |
7.4 |
21 |
32.3 |
1 |
12.5 |
|||
|
>Rs. 20000 |
19 |
70.4 |
23 |
35.4 |
3 |
37.5 |
|||
|
Total |
27 |
100.0 |
65 |
100.0 |
8 |
100.0 |
|||
|
8 |
Occupation of Father |
Farmer |
10 |
37.0 |
28 |
43.1 |
3 |
37.5 |
2.814 df = 6 p=0.832
|
|
Daily Wages |
4 |
14.8 |
4 |
6.2 |
1 |
12.5 |
|||
|
Private Employee |
9 |
33.3 |
24 |
36.9 |
2 |
25.0 |
|||
|
Government Employee |
4 |
14.8 |
9 |
13.8 |
2 |
25.0 |
|||
|
Total |
27 |
100.0 |
65 |
100.0 |
8 |
100.0 |
|||
|
9 |
Occupation of Mother |
Home Maker |
22 |
81.5 |
50 |
76.9 |
4 |
75.0 |
13.010* df = 6 p=0.043
|
|
Daily Wager |
2 |
7.4 |
2 |
3.1 |
0 |
0.0 |
|||
|
Private employee |
0 |
0.0 |
11 |
16.9 |
0 |
0.0 |
|||
|
Government employee |
3 |
11.1 |
2 |
3.1 |
2 |
25.0 |
|||
|
Total |
27 |
100.0 |
65 |
100.0 |
8 |
100.0 |
|||
|
10 |
Previous Experiences in Hostel |
Yes |
22 |
81.5 |
32 |
49.2 |
4 |
50.0 |
8.373* df = 2 p=0.015 |
|
No |
5 |
18.5 |
33 |
50.8 |
4 |
50.0 |
|||
|
Total |
27 |
100.0 |
65 |
100.0 |
8 |
100.0 |
|||
|
11 |
Intermediate |
50 - 60 % |
4 |
14.8 |
12 |
18.5 |
1 |
12.5 |
3.425 df = 8 p=0.905
|
|
61 - 70 % |
6 |
22.2 |
16 |
24.6 |
3 |
37.5 |
|||
|
71 - 80 % |
6 |
22.2 |
18 |
27.7 |
3 |
37.5 |
|||
|
81 - 90 % |
8 |
29.6 |
13 |
20.0 |
1 |
12.5 |
|||
|
Above 90 % |
3 |
11.1 |
6 |
9.2 |
0 |
0.0 |
|||
|
Total |
27 |
100.0 |
65 |
100.0 |
8 |
100.0 |
|||
|
12 |
Previous Year |
50 - 60 % |
2 |
7.4 |
6 |
9.2 |
1 |
12.5 |
8.423 df = 8 p=0.393
|
|
61 - 70 % |
9 |
33.3 |
23 |
35.4 |
1 |
12.5 |
|||
|
71 - 80 % |
5 |
18.5 |
21 |
32.3 |
2 |
25.0 |
|||
|
81 - 90 % |
8 |
29.6 |
13 |
20.0 |
4 |
50.0 |
|||
|
Above 90 % |
3 |
11.1 |
2 |
3.1 |
0 |
0.0 |
|||
|
Total |
27 |
100.0 |
65 |
100.0 |
8 |
100.0 |
|||
Assessment of association between the selected demographic variables with knowledge:
The assessment of association between the selected demographic variables with knowledge assess the educational adjustment problem among college students has been made and the results are presented in the Table 2.
The table 4 shows that the Chi-square value is significant at 5 per cent level on the demographic variables o age, gender, type of family, domicile, residence, monthly income, occupation of mother and other college related variable of previous experiences in the hostel and existence in the previous year. It can be inferred that there substantial association between knowledge of adjustment problem and the selected demographic variables. On the contrary, the Chi-square value is not significant on the demographic variables of religion, occupation of father, intermediate and education of students in previous year. It can be inferred that there no association between knowledge of adjustment problem and the selected demographic variables. It can be concluded that many demographic variables influence the knowledge of the students to cope with educational adjustment.
Social Adjustment:
The frequency and percentage distribution of social adjustment problem among college students are presented in the Table 3
Table 3 Social adjustment problem among college students
|
Sl. No. |
Assessment of the adjustment problem among college students |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
1. |
Good |
35 |
35.0 |
|
2. |
Average |
50 |
50.0 |
|
3. |
Unsatisfactory |
15 |
15.0 |
|
|
Total |
100 |
100.0 |
Mean: 12.26 Standard deviation: 2.69
The table 2 presents that half of the students (50%) have an average knowledge level of adjustment problem with health, 35 per cent have good knowledge level and only 15 per cent of have unsatisfactory knowledge level. The above also table presents the mean social adjustment knowledge is 12.26 and the standard deviation is 2.69. It can be concluded that majority of the students (85 %) have satisfactory level of knowledge on social adjustment.
Fig.2.Assessment of Social Adjustment Problem among the College Students
Association between the selected demographic variables with knowledge assess the adjustment problem among college:
The association between the selected demographic variables with knowledge on social adjustment was assessed and the results are presented in the Table 4
Table 4 Association between the selected demographic variables with knowledge on social adjustment
|
Sl. No. |
Demographic variables |
Level of Assessment |
Chi-square (X2) |
|||||
|
Good |
Average |
Unsatisfactory |
||||||
|
F |
% |
F |
% |
F |
% |
|||
|
1 |
Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 Years |
6 |
17.1 |
23 |
46.0 |
3 |
20.0 |
15.170* df = 6 p=0.019
|
|
|
19 Years |
24 |
68.6 |
15 |
30.0 |
10 |
66.7 |
|
|
|
20 Years |
4 |
11.4 |
10 |
20.0 |
2 |
13.3 |
|
|
|
21 Years |
1 |
2.9 |
2 |
4.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Total |
35 |
100.0 |
50 |
100.0 |
15 |
100.0 |
|
|
2 |
Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
16 |
45.7 |
18 |
36.0 |
11 |
73.3 |
6.509* df = 2 p=0.039 |
|
|
Female |
19 |
54.3 |
32 |
64.0 |
4 |
26.7 |
|
|
|
Total |
35 |
100.0 |
50 |
100.0 |
15 |
100.0 |
|
|
3 |
Type of Family |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nuclear Family |
24 |
68.6 |
28 |
56.0 |
8 |
53.3 |
4.580 df = 4 p=0.333 |
|
|
Joint Family |
11 |
31.4 |
18 |
36.0 |
5 |
33.3 |
|
|
|
Extended Family |
0 |
0.0 |
4 |
8.0 |
2 |
13.3 |
|
|
|
Total |
35 |
100.0 |
50 |
100.0 |
15 |
100.0 |
|
|
4 |
Domicile |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Urban |
17 |
48.6 |
27 |
54.0 |
6 |
40.0 |
1.029 df = 4 p=0.905 |
|
|
Rural |
16 |
45.7 |
21 |
42.0 |
8 |
53.3 |
|
|
|
Semi Urban |
2 |
5.7 |
2 |
4.0 |
1 |
6.7 |
|
|
|
Total |
35 |
100.0 |
50 |
100.0 |
15 |
100.0 |
|
|
5 |
Residence |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hosteller |
14 |
40.0 |
34 |
68.0 |
11 |
73.3 |
8.171* df = 2 p=0.017 |
|
|
Day Scholar |
21 |
60.0 |
16 |
32.0 |
4 |
26.7 |
|
|
|
Total |
35 |
100.0 |
50 |
100.0 |
15 |
100.0 |
|
|
6 |
Religion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hindu |
29 |
82.9 |
44 |
88.0 |
14 |
93.3 |
2.077 df = 4 p=0.722
|
|
|
Muslim |
4 |
11.4 |
4 |
8.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Christian |
2 |
5.7 |
2 |
4.0 |
1 |
6.7 |
|
|
|
Total |
35 |
100.0 |
50 |
100.0 |
15 |
100.0 |
|
|
7 |
Monthly Income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Below Rs.10000 |
3 |
8.6 |
12 |
24.0 |
1 |
6.7 |
13.606* df = 6 p=0.034 |
|
|
Rs. 10001 – 15000 |
10 |
28.6 |
4 |
8.0 |
1 |
6.7 |
|
|
|
Rs.15001 – 20000 |
10 |
28.6 |
11 |
22.0 |
3 |
20.0 |
|
|
|
>Rs. 20000 |
12 |
34.3 |
23 |
46.0 |
10 |
66.7 |
|
|
|
Total |
35 |
100.0 |
50 |
100.0 |
15 |
100.0 |
|
|
8 |
Occupation of Father |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Farmer |
18 |
51.4 |
17 |
34.0 |
6 |
40.0 |
5.802 df = 6 p=0.446
|
|
|
Daily Wages |
2 |
5.7 |
5 |
10.0 |
2 |
13.3 |
|
|
|
Private Employee |
11 |
31.4 |
21 |
42.0 |
3 |
20.0 |
|
|
|
Government Employee |
4 |
11.4 |
7 |
14.0 |
4 |
26.7 |
|
|
|
Total |
35 |
100.0 |
50 |
100.0 |
15 |
100.0 |
|
|
9 |
Occupation of Mother |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Home Maker |
23 |
65.7 |
44 |
88.0 |
11 |
73.3 |
14.307* df = 6 p=0.026
|
|
|
Daily Wager |
3 |
8.6 |
1 |
2.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Private employee |
8 |
22.9 |
1 |
2.0 |
2 |
13.3 |
|
|
|
Government Employee |
1 |
2.9 |
4 |
8.0 |
2 |
13.3 |
|
|
|
Total |
35 |
100.0 |
50 |
100.0 |
15 |
100.0 |
|
|
10 |
Previous Experience in Hostel |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.323* df = 2 p=0.026
|
|
|
Yes |
18 |
51.4 |
35 |
70.0 |
5 |
33.3 |
|
|
|
No |
17 |
48.6 |
15 |
30.0 |
10 |
66.7 |
|
|
|
Total |
35 |
100.0 |
50 |
100.0 |
15 |
100.0 |
|
|
11 |
Intermediate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.061 df = 8 p=0.428
|
|
|
50 - 60 % |
8 |
22.9 |
6 |
12.0 |
3 |
20.0 |
|
|
|
61 - 70 % |
8 |
22.9 |
13 |
26.0 |
4 |
26.7 |
|
|
|
71 - 80 % |
10 |
28.6 |
16 |
32.0 |
1 |
6.7 |
|
|
|
81 - 90 % |
7 |
20.0 |
9 |
18.0 |
6 |
40.0 |
|
|
|
Above 90 % |
2 |
5.7 |
6 |
12.0 |
1 |
6.7 |
|
|
|
Total |
35 |
100.0 |
50 |
100.0 |
15 |
100.0 |
|
|
12 |
Previous Year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50 - 60 % |
3 |
8.6 |
4 |
8.0 |
2 |
8.0 |
16.132* df = 8 p=0.041
|
|
|
61 - 70 % |
6 |
17.1 |
19 |
38.0 |
8 |
38.0 |
|
|
|
71 - 80 % |
16 |
45.7 |
12 |
24.0 |
0 |
24.0 |
|
|
|
81 - 90 % |
7 |
20.0 |
14 |
28.0 |
4 |
28.0 |
|
|
|
Above 90 % |
3 |
8.6 |
1 |
2.0 |
1 |
2.0 |
|
|
|
Total |
35 |
100.0 |
50 |
100.0 |
15 |
100.0 |
|
*significant at 0.05 level @ -Not Significant
The table 4 shows that the Chi-square value is significant at 5 per cent level on the demographic variables o age, gender, residence, monthly income, occupation of mother and other college related variables of previous experience in the hostel and existence in the previous year. It can be inferred that there substantial association between knowledge of adjustment problem and the selected demographic variables. On the contrary, the Chi-square value is not significant on the demographic variables of type of family, domicile, religion, occupation of father and education of students. It can be inferred that there no association between knowledge of adjustment problem and the selected demographic variables. It can be concluded that many demographic variables influence the knowledge of the students to cope with educational and social adjustment.
CONCLUSION:
The knowledge of educational and social adjustment problem among college students and the association between the level of knowledge of educational and social adjustment problem among college students with their selected demographic variables were assessed. There is low level of educational problem among the students as majority of the students (92 %) have satisfactory on educational adjustment. Moreover, majority of the students (85 %) have satisfactory level of knowledge on social adjustment. It can be concluded that many demographic variables influence the knowledge of the students to cope with educational and social adjustment. It is therefore suggested that health education on adjustment is direly needed for coping up with the needs of students.
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Received on 24.11.2022 Modified on 05.01.2023
Accepted on 19.02.2023 © A&V Publications all right reserved
Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2023; 11(2):147-151.
DOI: 10.52711/2454-2660.2023.00032